{"id":2513,"date":"2023-12-11T09:50:45","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T09:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ujc.microshop.cz\/zajimave-dotazy\/kdyz-nekdo-mava-rukama-tak-mava-jima-nebo-jimi\/"},"modified":"2023-12-11T09:50:45","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T09:50:45","slug":"kdyz-nekdo-mava-rukama-tak-mava-jima-nebo-jimi","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/ujc.microshop.cz\/cs\/zajimave-dotazy\/kdyz-nekdo-mava-rukama-tak-mava-jima-nebo-jimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo m\u00e1v\u00e1 rukama, tak m\u00e1v\u00e1 jima, nebo jimi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pokud v\u00edme, o&nbsp;shod\u011b z\u00e1jmena s&nbsp;podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle koncovky poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z&nbsp;n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edho dvojn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (<em>ruce<\/em>, <em>nohy<\/em>, <em>o\u010di<\/em>, <em>u\u0161i<\/em>), lingvistick\u00e1 literatura nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1. V&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.czechency.org\/slovnik\/%C4%8C%C3%8DSLO#du%C3%A1l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nov\u00e9m encyklopedick\u00e9m slovn\u00edku \u010de\u0161tiny<\/a> se pouze p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee \u201eadj[ektiva] a&nbsp;z\u00e1jmena maj\u00ed jako shodn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvlastky jmen se sufixem <em>-ma<\/em> rovn\u011b\u017e tvary na <em>-ma<\/em>\u201c. Ve v\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 by mohla zn\u00edt nap\u0159. <em>Hana zvedla ruce a&nbsp;m\u00e1vala jimi\/a<\/em>, sice nejde o&nbsp;shodn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edvlastek, p\u0159esto se u&nbsp;z\u00e1jmena gramatick\u00e1 shoda v&nbsp;\u010d\u00edsle \u2013 bu\u010f plur\u00e1lov\u00e1, nebo zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno du\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u2013 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1. Substitu\u010dn\u00ed test ukazuje, \u017ee pokud zm\u011bn\u00edme jen \u010d\u00edslo kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho podstatn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na, pak v&nbsp;konstrukci <em>Hana zvedla ruku a&nbsp;m\u00e1vala j\u00ed <\/em>z\u00e1jmeno v&nbsp;druh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b bude m\u00edt jednozna\u010dn\u011b tvar, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje shodu s&nbsp;podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem <em>ruka <\/em>pomoc\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu a&nbsp;pr\u00e1v\u011b jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, ov\u0161em ne 4.&nbsp;p\u00e1du, proto\u017ee p\u00e1d je tu ur\u010den vazbou slovesa <em>m\u00e1vat<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pohled do praxe nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mnohem \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v&nbsp;takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech z\u00e1jmeno s&nbsp;koncovkou mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla. V&nbsp;t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011btimiliardov\u00e9m korpusu SYN&nbsp;v10 jsme na\u0161li pouh\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i relevantn\u00ed spisovn\u011b u\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdskyty podstatn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na <em>ruce <\/em>n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9ho k&nbsp;n\u011bmu odkazuj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1jmenem v&nbsp;du\u00e1lov\u00e9m tvaru <em>jima<\/em> (hled\u00e1n\u00ed jsme omezili na rozsah jedn\u00e9 v\u011bty \u010di souv\u011bt\u00ed, tj. od velk\u00e9ho p\u00edsmena na za\u010d\u00e1tku k&nbsp;te\u010dce na konci) \u2013 nap\u0159. <em>vezme m\u011b za ruce, trhne jima a&nbsp;u\u017e stoj\u00edm<\/em>; <em>sev\u0159u ob\u011b ruce v&nbsp;p\u011bst a&nbsp;\u0161kubnu jima od sebe<\/em>. Naproti tomu analogick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s&nbsp;plur\u00e1lov\u00fdm tvarem <em>jimi<\/em> je zhruba stokr\u00e1t v\u00edc (celkem 625, z&nbsp;nich ov\u0161em \u0159ada irelevantn\u00edch \u2013 pro\u0161li jsme 100 n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a&nbsp;identifikovali v&nbsp;nich 66&nbsp;relevantn\u00edch, co\u017e by p\u0159epo\u010dteno na celek \u010dinilo 416&nbsp;v\u00fdskyt\u016f).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Odhadujeme, \u017ee m\u00edra p\u0159ijatelnosti du\u00e1lov\u00e9, nebo plur\u00e1lov\u00e9 shody souvis\u00ed se vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed obou \u010dlen\u016f (v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b shody p\u0159es hranici v\u011bt nejsp\u00ed\u0161 i&nbsp;s&nbsp;v\u00fdraznost\u00ed t\u00e9to hranice, tj.&nbsp;m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozd\u00edl nap\u0159. mezi \u010d\u00e1rkou a&nbsp;te\u010dkou). \u010c\u00edm bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed si \u010dleny jsou, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed by mohla b\u00fdt tendence k&nbsp;obecn\u011b okrajov\u00e9 du\u00e1lov\u00e9 shod\u011b (tedy k&nbsp;tvaru <em>jima<\/em>), \u010d\u00edm vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm preferovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (tedy tvar <em>jimi<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nevylu\u010dujeme tedy ani jednu z&nbsp;obou mo\u017enost\u00ed, za p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 pova\u017eujeme <em>Hana zvedla ruce a&nbsp;m\u00e1vala jimi <\/em>i&nbsp;\u2026 <em>m\u00e1vala jima<\/em>, s&nbsp;ohledem na b\u011b\u017enost v&nbsp;\u00fazu v\u0161ak jako neutr\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doporu\u010dujeme prvn\u00ed, plur\u00e1lovou.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>od&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"d_\/jazykova-poradna\/zajimave-dotazy\/220331-zajimave-dotazy-dualova-shoda.html\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-2513","questions","type-questions","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo m\u00e1v\u00e1 rukama, tak m\u00e1v\u00e1 jima, nebo jimi? - \u00dastav pro jazyk \u010desk\u00fd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo m\u00e1v\u00e1 rukama, tak m\u00e1v\u00e1 jima, nebo jimi? - \u00dastav pro jazyk \u010desk\u00fd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pokud v\u00edme, o&nbsp;shod\u011b z\u00e1jmena s&nbsp;podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle koncovky poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z&nbsp;n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edho dvojn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (ruce, nohy, o\u010di, u\u0161i), lingvistick\u00e1 literatura nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1. 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